It has variable valve timing and valve lift, and I think it does actually use Miller Cycle during part of its operation. If you look at real-time fuel economy, it does jump quite a bit based on pretty small throttle inputs. There's some interesting info on the B46 version of it here:
https://www.bimmerpost.com/goodiesforyou/B46-Engine.pdf
To WS6's point about his NA Mazda, I will say that in general terms, forced inductions offers, by far, the most variability in fuel economy depending on the right foot. Fuel economy on my 2.5 VW wagon never really changed much depending on how I drove it--so that experience sounds familiar. On my R, I've gotten 18mpg out of a tank and I've gotten 34....