Thank you for taking the effort to purchase and read through this study.
Also yes, I think your conclusion regarding the merit of UOA's in determining wear (it depends, somewhere between useless and non) is consistent with the consensus, though I will add that their use on here tends to be so varied in terms of lubricant selection, grade and operating profile that it skews it further toward the "useless" side.
As I've noted in several of these sorts of discussions now (and given credit to
@Shannow for, since he was the first to share this here), per the Honda study, this 2.6cP minimum for HTHS is consistent with the safe lower limit for traditional bearing design (generally). Once you got much below that, wear increased and risk of damage increased. This is why wider bearings were pursued (by Honda) for engines that spec'd lower than an xW-20, and they also looked at using special coatings to improve durability.
I think there's a pretty valid takeaway regarding your own experiment with an engine that, like these GM 4.3L engines, spec'd a 5W-30. You've gone WAY below the 2.6cP HTHS and have visible metal in the filter. On top of that, your engine is MUCH higher power density and features forced induction as well as direct injection, which has a tendency to dilute the oil with fuel, decreasing viscosity further and negatively impacting the performance of the AW additives.