2014 Lincoln Navigator 167k mi; HPL PCMO 5W-20 5.5k mi

Unlikely. Even if it did, most of the oil would still go through the filter media as the bypass spring only opens enough to keep the pressure differential in check. I doubt it's opening at all though as it's a rare event.

The HV pump will still increase pressure. More volume against the same clearance means pressure will increase some if still below bypass spring pressure. It just still bypasses at the same 60 psi.
Your last paragraph was my thinking on this. Thanks for the input. I’ll simply sample again at 170,000mi and again at 175,000 just to try to get a trend on this.
 
Polaris noted that it could be coming from gasket/sealer and you could be right! I’m wondering if it’s multiple sources (cleaning, RTV/sealer, intake leak) and all contributing.
Yeah, I'm guessing there's some dirt as well. Dirty intake air primarily causes wear to piston rings and liners (chromium and iron).

The long term fuel trims in the GL450 start dropping to ~-5-7% around the 8k mark as the filters start loading up.
Filter restriction really shouldn't be affecting fuel trims, unless there's a leak downstream of the MAF sensor. That should cause positive fuel trims though. Still, something is going on. I'd do a smoke test on the intake.

Something else that can happen when an air filter is loaded unevenly, is that the airflow pattern at the MAF sensor can change, affecting its accuracy. I'd recommend installing some insect screening over the intake to keep the large stuff out of the filter.

If you don't have to clean bugs and leaves out of the filter every 8k miles, you can let it load up with a lot more dust and it will get a lot more efficient. A filter will have really poor efficiency if it's cleaned/replaced every 8k miles, especially a K&N.
 
This one has been in place since I bought it. I installed this intake back around 145k. I recently cleaned and re-oiled the filter, but that was only in the last 500mi. I have noticed that it looked like the silicone sleeve that connected the intake stack to the intake tube looked like it had backed away from the intake stack about 3/8” or so, so I’ve snugged it all back up and tightened it all down.
Wet filters have no place on an engine where durability is more important than performance. That might be the source of your silicon and high iron.


Ditch the K&N style for a dry element.
 
Wet filters have no place on an engine where durability is more important than performance. That might be the source of your silicon and high iron.


Ditch the K&N style for a dry element.
It was the same filter used in the first analysis of the two shown. I hear what you’re saying, but changing that (at this time) would introduce another variable.
 
I had a 2010 and it definitely liked thicker oil than the 5w20, ran much smoother. I used 10w30 since I live in Texas and not too worried about "cold" starts, but 5w40 is a solid choice also.
The 5w-40 I have in it now is the smoothest it has ever ran. Ironically I’m also averaging over 15mpg unloaded as well, which I’ve never gotten before 🤷🏻‍♂️
 
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