Don't be fooled by 50 state Federal emissions because California goes beyond that.
FACT! There are other states that follow California emissions~copy & paste:
Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Maine, Maryland, Massachusetts, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, Oregon, Pennsylvania, Rhode Island, Vermont, and Washington, as well as the District of Columbia.
It use to be more common to find vehicles with either Fed or Cal emissions if you lived in states that didn't follow Cal emissions.
It made it a pain for dealers when they wanted to trade. A PA dealer cant do a dealer swap from an Ohio dealer if the VW in Ohio doesn't have
California emissions as an example.
You get a better warranty on some emissions related components in California vs other states.
Supposedly, the auto makers can sell Cal emissions vehicles in states that follow Federal emissions and sell the credits
to allow an oil refinery to pollute a little more as an example.
Hidden HP:
I use to own a 2013 VW GTI.
VW made both Fed and Cal emissions GTI's and I test driven identical GTI's except one was black and had the CBFA California engine code
and a red one with a CCTA Federal engine code. I bought the red one.
BIG difference in HP/torque.
I'm guessing VW made sure to give the auto press the CCTA engine code.