1.
Originally Posted By: IndyIan
But your numbers don't reflect common sense.Nearly all cars stop faster, are more agile, and have a lower centre of gravity than nearly all SUV's
Therefore given equal drivers they are fundementally safer in avoiding accidents.
Indylan- your idea of "common sense", though logical and thoughtful (thank you for the breath of fresh air, BTW), still may not make much…"sense" here:
a) Consider we're talking about 2006-08 model SUVs (and cars). The number of body on frame SUVs still on the market has dwindled to a one-hand count. With all SUVs, and especially crossovers, emphasizing safety, handling, and braking above things like ground clearance and faux "trail capability", the gap in real world handling between cars and SUVs is shrinking.
b) Modern SUVs with ESC are far better able to avoid accidents than their predecessors, and especially better at avoiding rollovers, further reducing the gap.
Originally Posted By: moving2
And vehicle stability control with rollover protection, canopy airbags, and stricter NHTSA and IIHS roof crush tests are working to change this today, which is good news for SUV drivers. The IIHS has some data on this:
http://www.iihs.org/news/rss/pr061306.html
"While both cars and SUVs benefit from ESC, the reduction in the risk of single-vehicle crashes was significantly greater for SUVs — 49 percent versus 33 percent for cars. The reduction in fatal single-vehicle crashes wasn't significantly different for SUVs (59 percent) than for cars (53 percent).
Many single-vehicle crashes involve rolling over, and ESC effectiveness in preventing rollovers is even more dramatic. It reduces the risk of fatal single-vehicle rollovers of SUVs by 80 percent, 77 percent for cars.
ESC was found to reduce the risk of all kinds of fatal crashes by 43 percent. This is more than the 34 percent reduction reported in 2004. If all vehicles had ESC, it could prevent as many as 10,000 of the 34,000 fatal passenger vehicle crashes that occur each year."
c) Hence, your assumptions may not represent reality. While you seem to believe cars have an inherent advantage over SUVs- to the point where it is "common sense", the first question to ask is:
i) Are your preconceived notions (AKA "common sense") true for most cars and SUVs?
and secondly, an even more important question to ask is:
ii) Whatever "active safety" advantages cars may have, the differences may not be big enough to make a significant difference when it comes to accident avoidance in the real world. Notice I said in my previous post that cars' active safety may give them no overall advantage, not that SUVs are better in active safety. The question is:
Is the difference in braking and handling significant enough to make a difference in real world accident avoidance scenarios?
d) So let's take quick look to see if your "common sense"...well, makes sense. At the same time, let's also look at the actual differences in braking and handling in some of the most popular 2008 cars and SUVs to see how big those differences really are in modern vehicles.
I quickly googled the skidpad and 60-0MPH stopping distances of some popular small, midsize, large, and premium cars and SUVs for comparison. Note that I did not "cherry pick" here- I simply looked up some of the most popular cars and SUVs for the small/midsize/large comparison and posted what I could quickly find, and I picked a premium car and SUV that came to mind. I didn't have enough time to find/post a complete list, but
I think the important thing when it comes to a comparison like this is to make sure the most popular, top-selling vehicles are represented because they best represent what's actually out on the road in numbers. So, enough talk- let's see the data.
SMALL CARS:
2008 Honda Civic
skidpad: .81g
60-0 stopping distance: 128 ft.
2008 Toyota Corolla
skidpad: .82g
60-0 stopping distance: 125 ft.
SMALL SUVS:
2008 Toyota RAV4
skidpad: .75g
60-0 stopping distance: 120 ft.
2008 Honda CR-V
skidpad: .76g
60-0 stopping distance: 119 ft.
MIDSIZE CARS:
2008 Toyota Camry
skidpad: .77g
60-0 stopping distance: 140 ft
2008 Honda Accord
skidpad: .80g
60-0 stopping distance: 127 ft
2008 Chevy Malibu
skidpad: .84g
60-0 stopping distance: 140 ft.
MIDSIZE SUVs:
2008 Toyota Highlander
skidpad: .75g
60-0 stopping distance: 131 ft.
2008 Lexus RX350
skidpad: .80g
60-0 stopping distance: 123.21ft
2008 Acura MDX
skidpad: .84g
60-0 braking distance:122 ft.
2008 GMC Acadia
skidpad: .79g
stopping distance: 125 ft.
LARGE CAR:
2008 Ford Taurus
skidpad: .78g
60-0 stopping distance: 130 ft.
LARGE SUV:
2008 Chevy Tahoe
skidpad: .80g
60-0 stopping distance: 133ft
PREMIUM CAR:
2008 BMW 328i
skidpad: .88g
60-0 stopping distance: 110 ft.
PREMIUM SUV:
2008 Porsche Cayenne
skidpad: .84g
60-0 stopping distance: 125 ft.
Looking at the numbers above for some of the most popular 2008 cars and SUVs on the road, of various sizes, I think you can see that
the braking and skidpad differences are not very large, with the slight braking advantage to the SUVs and the slight skidpad advantage to the cars. Which brings us back to 1c(ii):
Originally Posted By: moving2
ii) Whatever "active safety" advantages cars may have, the differences may not be big enough to make a significant difference when it comes to accident avoidance in the real world. Notice I said in my previous post that cars' active safety may them no overall advantage, not that SUVs are better in active safety. The question is:
Is the difference in braking and handling significant enough to make a difference in real world accident avoidance scenarios?
Looking at the numbers- what do you think?
e) Moreover, I believe I considered demographics in the statements I've made thus far. Please let me know what it is, specifically, that you disagree with in these statements I've made regarding the 13% difference in collision claims between cars and SUVs, as I believe they still stand:
Originally Posted By: moving2
1. If we say it's all due to demographics, not vehicle safety: SUV drivers are safer drivers than car drivers, getting into about 13% fewer insurance claimed collisions.
2. If we say it's all due to vehicle safety, not demographics: the active safety features of cars do not give them an advantage over SUVs when it comes to avoiding collisions, since SUVs get into about 13% fewer insurance claimed collisions than cars.
3. (edit) And if we say the results are due to a mix of vehicle safety and demographics
(edit: and I believe it's "common sense" that this is the more likely scenario- a combination of factors): Considering both the demographics of car/suv drivers and the active safety features of cars/suvs, SUVs have an advantage when it comes to avoiding collisions, since SUVs get into about 13% fewer insurance claimed collisions than cars. This is due to some combination of (possibly) safer drivers in SUVs vs. cars, and active safety features present in both cars and SUVs. Because we don't know precisely how much "safer drivers" factor in to this 13% difference vs. "vehicle active safety", we can say that:
i) The average driver in a 2006-08 SUV is at a statistical advantage when it comes to avoiding an accident compared to the average driver of a 2006-08 car.
ii) Whatever role active safety plays in avoiding collisions in 2006-08 cars and SUVs, it doesn't appear to give cars an overall advantage over SUVs, on average, when it comes to avoiding collisions in the real world.
f) I'd like you to consider another possible factor of "active safety", which I believe is not accounted for, to explain the 13% difference in collision claims, and that is motorists' changes in driving style when driving next to different vehicle types. For example, most (but clearly not all) car/truck/SUV drivers drive more cautiously when they are around big rigs. This change in driving style may reduce the rate of accidents between semis and smaller vehicles. I cannot find study data on this, so it can neither be proven nor disproven by me. However, my point as it relates to SUVs is this: I've noticed similar behavior between SUVs and cars, both in my own SUV, and witnessing driver interaction as a 3rd party. In my experience, when I'm driving my SUV, much more often than not, cars keep more of a distance from me (front and back) and they try to stay away from the side of my vehicle. This is in contrast to when I'm driving my small car, when cars keep a much closer distance front and rear, they are less hesitant about staying on my side, and I am cutoff far more frequently. I hypothesize that cars tend to be more careful driving around SUVs in day to day traffic and on the freeways. And how would this be quantified in a study? If this is a reality on the roads, how would we classify this? "Active safety" for SUVs I think, as it would contribute to preventing a crash, and I believe it may also contribute to the better collision ratings. Again, I've stated this as a hypothesis for your consideration, as I cannot find study data on this, so it can neither be proven nor disproven by me. This would be a good study for the IIHS, though.
2.
Originally Posted By: Indylan
Are any of these numbers weighted for who is driving each type of vehicle? Either by sex, age, driving experience, income level?
[…]
When they used to publish numbers for specific vehicles, Mazda Miata's had the same numbers as much "safer" vehicles, I believe due to who was driving them, not the safety features or lack of them.
[...]
But since all vehicle type drivers are not equal then we get skewed numbers. Young males who like driving dangerously, don't typically drive SUV's, soccer mom's do buy SUV's so comparing safety based on vehicle type is false.
a) Your example of the Mazda Miata was a good one, and if this data were being used to compare individual cars and extrapolate that to all vehicles, I would agree with you- the demographics of individual cars vary widely enough that such a comparison would not be valid. However, averaging across all cars is a different story, as is averaging across all SUVs. Again, with cars we are averaging across everything from a Honda Fit to a Ford Fusion to a Mercedes E-class. And with SUVs we are averaging across everything from a Toyota RAV4 to a Nissan Murano to a Chevy Suburban. Data like this is commonly used for comparing aggregates, as such aggregates help to partially account for demographic differences and also reduce the statistical margin of error. I will give you that demographic differences do not appear to be accounted for at all in the collision claim frequency data I presented, however, I believe I considered that when I made my statements in (1e).
b)
Originally Posted By: Indylan
Are any of these numbers weighted for who is driving each type of vehicle? Either by sex, age, driving experience, income level?
Yes- the fatality numbers are. The IIHS started controlling for demographics in their fatality rate data beginning in 2005. See:
http://www.iihs.org/news/2005/iihs_sr_031505.pdf
Originally Posted By: IIHS
"The rates reflect primarily the influence
of a vehicle’s design and patterns of
use. Because driver demographics can
be a major influence, the death rate for
each vehicle was adjusted according to
the proportion of deaths of women 25-64
years old. These drivers are involved in
fewer fatal crashes per licensed driver.
For most vehicles the rates were adjusted
by less than 20 percent.
“This is the first year we’ve adjusted
the rates to account for some driver characteristics,”
Lund says. “The adjustment
takes away some of the differences
among vehicles caused by differences in
driver gender. Other demographic factors
still influence the death rates,
but
more of the differences in the rates reflect
the vehicles.”"
By 2010, they were controlling for even more demographic data:
See:
http://www.iihs.org/brochures/pdf/sfsc.pdf
Originally Posted By: IIHS
"Note: Rates are adjusted to account for some differences in
driver age and sex within and between vehicle types. Remaining differences in vehicle use patterns and driver demographics may account for some
of the death rate differences."
Of course no study is perfect, and it takes virtually zero effort for anyone with basic statistical knowledge to criticize a study, in this case by adding various demographic, geographic, and countless other variables that have not been accounted for. Go to any sociology conference and you'll see these same questions asked of even the most respected researchers, accepted studies, and foundational papers. The important thing to note here is that these questions alone do not invalidate the broad trends indicated in this study, in this case because the IIHS has made it clear they are controlling for demographics in fatality rate data, they have identified groups where they see it will make a significant difference in the results, they have quantified this difference, and they have been increasingly controlling for demographic factors from 2005 to the present, when "rates are adjusted to account for some differences in driver age and sex within and between vehicle types".