Hi,
Catterman - Many factors can cause it but typically the most common cause of thickening is oxidation (however you like to describe it)
The ACEA test protocols have a "stay in grade" test of 30 cycles at 100C that must be met. Some engine makers have an extended "stay in grade" test out to 200hrs
Staying in grade (not thickening) is extremely important when the engine's design has hydraulic valve actuators and phasers etc.
Previous design diesel engines had an allowable 40% increase (typically due to soot uptake) or a 15% decrease in viscosity before the oil was condemned
ACEAs stay in grade test is an extremely important one as is the more demanding engine manufacturers (Porsche, Mercedes Benz, VW-Audi etc)test regimes. With today's engine designs a thinning of the lubricant by one point (say and SAE40 to an SAE30) within a programmed OCI is better than any thickening at all