Thank you for the detailed history.
Do you have any insights or comments on the 1953 to 1979 time period before the "Islamic Revolution" took over?
The Pahlavi regime took power in 1925, after the British appointed Reza Pahlavi commander of the forces executing the coup d’état in 1921.
We, the West in General, but mostly the US and UK, supported the Regime because he was, frankly, pro western, when most Middle Eastern Nations weren’t. Iran was a bulwark against Russian influence in the region during much of the Cold War.
There were military, and economic, considerations in supporting a dictator but when you look at Iran under Mohammed Reza Pahlavi, Reza’s son, who took over in 1941, it was very Western.
Political and religious freedom existed. Journalists were allowed to criticize the government. Women wore modern styles. Women served in the Army, were able to vote, able to serve in government, attend University and were guaranteed equal pay. Per capita income was high. Note that none of those rights existed during Iranian “democracy” decades prior.
It was a nice place to live. The US was close enough to the Shah to train his pilots, equip his Army* and sell them the F-14.
People may abhor the construct of a dictatorship, but this was a dictatorship focused on the advancement of culture and rights. The country was moving in the right direction. Expanding rights and opportunities for all. Take a look at this Iranian army photo taken in the 1960s.
What do you see?
Mixed gender. Western style. The western ideals of equal rights and equal opportunity on full display for everyone.
Since 1979, there has been tremendous loss of freedom, loss of exercise of rights, and of income per capita. Women must wear the hijab in public and can be beaten at will by religious police if they are caught without it.
Iran left the frying pan for the fire in 1979 and has not recovered. Tens of thousands of Iranians have died at the hands of authorities because they were protesting this regime. There is no recourse against the secret police.
By the way, Persia is among the oldest continuous civilizations on Earth. I have no animosity towards the people of Iran, but the brutal dictatorship under which they now live is far worse than the Pahlavi** regime.
*We gave them M1 rifles, for example, in 1963, principally the International Harvester made variants because the Shah trusted IH, having had experience with IH tractors.
**Reza Pahlavi, the Shah’s son, heir to the dynasty, went to Williams College. I did not meet him, but my interest in Iran goes back a ways.