Expected oil temps, clearances, required oil pressure, fuel economy, engine design and metallurgy, expected usage, sump size, desired oil change intervals, market availability, commonality with other cars, etc. etc....
The oil is specced together with all of those things. They affect oil choice and vice versa.
For example, BMW designs their oil specs to run long OCIs and take a fair amount of abuse. At the same time, they design most of their engines to use the same oil spec. Mercedes and Porsche do the same thing.