It seems to me that a major part of Russia's failure to achieve more in Ukraine is that they lack a strong cadre of junior officers and non-comms and those that they have are not allowed to make tactical decisions on the ground.
Remember how many general officers Russia lost early in the war? What were these guys doing anywhere near the front?
Another puzzling question involves how easily Ukrainian forces have penetrated Russian territory and held it with little opposition. How can this be?
There may be limits to the effectiveness of just throwing men and hardware into a fight and hoping that the country you're invading runs out before you do. While Russia may ultimately reach a negotiated agreement yielding them some gains, at what cost in lives, hardware, national wealth and future relations with the developed world?
Russia had made of itself a pariah for decades to come.
Oh man, don't get me started on that. Few weeks ago I gave lecture on that at USAFA.
NCO's don't exist (pretty much) in Soviet/Russian doctrine. It is a cultural thing. Everything is heavy top-down. 2nd Lt. needs permission from Lt., who needs permission from Capt, who needs permission from Major, who needs..... There is no tactical decision-making in real time.
So, how did UKR defended Kyiv in first days of invasion? NCO's!!! Since before 2014, but especially after 2014, NATO, and especially the US, has heavily emphasized NCOs in developing a new UKR military. In real time tactical decision making was emphasized. That is what save UKR in first few days.
Russians, like I said, are heavy top-down. The lower you are in the food chain, the higher probability you will be blamed for something so that others or the political elite can get away with it. Example: Few years ago SU-34 crashed at take-off into building. They killed a bunch of people, pilots ejected. They immediately arrested pilots, 2nd day they accused them of negligence. Why? To save that perception of institutional stability, power etc, among their people. It is never the fault of elite! They "always know the best!"
As for Russian doctrine currently, it is complicated. The question is: do they care about being pariah? I would say: No. Two fold reason: 1. They simply don't care. 2: Soviet doctrine is to create problems. Problems makes you party at the table. They can always sell story to their own people how they are "superpower!" My former boss, who is the foremost expert in military leadership, in conversation about the Russian invasion of UKR (this was the day after it happened), said that Russians are really good at suffering. I would say: 100% right. The question is: do we have patience they have?