I don't think you can isolate one variable and make a decision. I.E. only time, or only mileage, or only how the car is used.
For example, someone can drive less than 5K miles per year, but do they drive that in several hundred mile trips, or hundreds of several mile trips? The answer changes how you might look at the time vs mileage question on the OCI.
Someone might drive 15K miles every 6 months, but they are working their engine hard, towing, etc. If so, are you still going to go with a 15K OCI?
So if you are looking for simple rules. Rules that any owner can follow without much thought, then 3mo/3K miles or 6mo/5K miles, or 6mo/7500 miles are some simple rules that most can follow.
Will there be folks who could go 10K on the same oil? Sure. There will also be those who have used up their oil in 6 months because they've made 300 5 mile trips in that 180 days.
I say time is a critical factor. Oil that doesn't get up to operating temperature can degrade. Even if the oil itself doesn't break down, are you losing TBN since you leave more acids in the crankcase because you don't get up to temperature? What about other contaminates?
I've long advocated that folks who drive short trips need to be as concerned about the time the oil has been in your sump as they are how many miles on that oil.
If your car is in "granny service" taking that weekend trip to church and back and church is blocks, not miles away, then time is probably more important than mileage.
I'm sure those with a bit more knowledge of chemistry and the additives can fill us in on if my concerns are valid, or just being overly cautious.