When starting a cold engine, the thermostat remains closed so that the coolant flow bypasses the radiator. This makes the coolant warm up faster than the engine oil. When the thermostat reaches a preset temperature (180-195°F), it begins to open so that the coolant can flow through the radiator.
On top of that, modern coolant gauges are typically "idiot gauges," so that the needle quickly jumps to the center and stays there -- before the coolant is fully warm. Why? So the dealer can avoid complaints from customers about high temps.