2-EHN, also called EHN often called alkyl nitrates on the MSDS is the primary active cetane improver in diesel additives that claim to improve cetane (the ability to light off fast, for lack of a better description) This reduces the loud knock and does often improve efficiency.
As much as I hate to admit it, I have a handful of diesel engines from my Cat C7 powered box truck to 2ea listeroid diesel gensets for hurricane season and a really cool single cylinder Kubota EA series genset from a fire truck, and of course a rattly Chinese clone on which the ball bearings failed.
I recently ran an experiment with the Power Service diesel Kleen. It absolutely reduced knock and no joke, the CAT C7 engine runs way better after a few tanks of use.
Putting the lubricity issue aside for a second as I deal with that using Pennzoil premium plus TCW3 at 150 to 1. The content of EHN cetane booster of a product is related to the claimed treat rate. If a quart treats 80 gal, it will have enough EHN to raise cetane 5 point (for example) and if a product treats 280 gal, it likely contains more. 0.8–1.0 cetane point per 1,000 ppm EHN in the final mix.
PS diesel kleen is prob 20% EHN and Boost!! brand is highly concentrated. Opti-Lube Pure Cetane for competition is 100% EHN, and at $15 per quart, is probably the real winner here. A good treat rate would be 1 quart for 250 gal.