Really it's quite a clever system, been in use for over two decades now in BMWs. It monitors the capacity and state of charge of the battery for a couple of reasons - regenerative charging for fuel efficiency in so-equipped models (EfficientDynamics alternator), health monitoring so that it can pop an error before you're left stranded, and it constantly calculates the percentage of the battery's capacity needed to start the car and shuts down systems so that the battery state of charge never crosses that threshold. Theoretically, you'll never be left stranded if you leave the interior lights on, run the radio too long, so on and so forth. The benefit of this is that you can have functions like interior ventilation with the engine off, roadside parking lamps, and so on without risk of critically discharging the battery.
In a normal battery swap, all you're doing is resetting the battery health/capacity monitoring to match the new battery. Another upshot is that if you change from a flooded to AGM or vice versa, you can change the charging behavior for optimal longevity in either case with just a button press.
I'm not one to praise overly complex systems, but I've never been left stranded due to a bad battery on a BMW. It will preserve the capacity of even a very bad one to where the car can still start, and the battery management seems to help them live longer in the first place.