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Silicon and copper are always very high on these engines during break in. The silicon is from engine sealant and the copper is from the oil cooler. Both are harmless. The 12 ppm tin would be concerning if not for the fact that SpeedDiagnostix reports very often have erroneous high tin...

Could you post the test results for the Endurance if you have it?

If that's the case, the PCs for >14um particles could read higher by up to one ISO code with the new method. It isn't obvious from the data if this is the case. One thing to consider is that Andrew only tested a single Ultra. There's going to be some variance in ISO test results, even for the...

"Interpolation is acceptable. Extrapolation is not permissible." Well that answers that question. I'm more convinced now that Blackstone just wasn't testing properly prior to ~2017 since they were clearly using extrapolation.

I don't know what changes were made to ISO 4406 in 2017, and I don't know if the changes to that standard are even responsible for the different particle counts, but both changes happened at around the same time. ISO 11171 has been updated four times since 1999, including in 2016, so maybe that...

As I mentioned in a previous thread, it's difficult to compare the results from older and newer PCs from Blackstone, at least for 4 and 6 um particle sizes. The ISO 4406 standard was updated in 2017 (from the 1999 version), and by 2018 most Blackstone PCs started reporting much higher ISO...

All but one of the FRAM Ultras represented in that table are the older OG Ultra with the full synthetic media. The one other particle count I've seen for a newer synthetic blend Ultra came in ISO at 13 (>14 um), 2 ISO codes lower than this leaky filter. That PC was from 2023, so maybe before...

A study by Lubrizol from 2020. If you click on Preview, you can see most of the important bits. They studied two types of PEA, one causing a lot more deposits than the other. I'd presume that the one that performed better might be what Lubrizol is now using in Techron. The increase in...

PEA fuel cleaners are known to contribute to sludge and varnish if used too many times per OCI. Other types of cleaners might cause similar issues. If you use a fuel cleaner once per OCI, a couple of fuel tanks before an oil change, this won't be a concern.

According to Dave in the video, the engine was turning at "less than 600 rpm", so probably close to 600 rpm. The first few seconds were at a lower speed to simulate cranking. I'm not sure what the ramp-up time was in the study. In the study, they did tests at both 600 and 1800 rpm, and there...

Here are the results from a similar test that was done as part of a study on cold starts (SAE 922384): The Powerstroke took around 7 seconds to build oil pressure at the turbo, with room temperature oil. The 14.6 L heavy duty diesel engine from the study had a similar result with higher...

When the oil pump's relief valve is open, it won't be able to compensate much for the additional restriction. On a 3600 rpm generator, the oil pump PRV is probably cracked open at all times, so filter restriction will have a substantial effect on oil pressure.

A filter with a higher bypass setting will cause a larger drop in oil pressure if the oil filter clogs, which increases the risk of rod bearing damage. If you don't neglect oil and filter changes, it shouldn't matter, but I still wouldn't go higher than 15 psi. The Pentius XL 7317 is a great...

There is typically 15 to 20% carryover of used oil when the oil is changed. Around 7 to 10 ppm of that 13 ppm iron will be from the leftover oil, so your iron/1k miles is much lower than 11 ppm, and similar to your other summer UOAs. If the issue is moisture, I'm wondering if the catch can is...

On the Toyota filter, it does seem like some unfiltered oil would go through the gap between the filter media and the centre core. The core seems to slide out pretty easily, so I doubt it seals perfectly on the bottom side. On the top, it looks to be sealed well enough by the leaf spring.

If the engine has an oil cooler, that's probably where the copper's coming from. The copper might slowly corrode from the oil cooler even when the engine isn't running, so you might expect it to be higher than normal on a 4-year OCI. If the copper was coming from bronze, you'd expect it to...

Virgin oils and used oils are tested for TBN using two different methods. The virgin oil method reads higher. TBN depletion can also be very non-linear. TBN will drop quickly at first, then more slowly, and with some oils this will be more pronounced than with others. A TBN of 3.1 does seem...

The leaf spring is pretty ruffled on the one side and might be leaky. This filter doesn't have much media, and there aren't many louvres in the centre core either. I'd use a larger filter. The FE7317 has 75% more media, and the 4386 should be about the same. I'd sooner do 2 or 3 OCIs with a...

Sea water contains a lot more sodium than potassium and sodium is only 4 ppm. Some road salts contain potassium, but it would also be unusual for an engine to breathe in so much more road salt than dirt (silicon).

Yeah, I'm guessing there's some dirt as well. Dirty intake air primarily causes wear to piston rings and liners (chromium and iron). Filter restriction really shouldn't be affecting fuel trims, unless there's a leak downstream of the MAF sensor. That should cause positive fuel trims though...