I live in Phoenix, and during the summer, ambient temperatures regularly go over 115 degrees F (46 deg C), and in the sun with windows closed during these times, it's not uncommon for the interior temperatures in my car to get over 140 degrees F (60 deg C).
During these times, when I get in my car, the first thing I do is open the windows an inch or so, and turn the A/C on full blast in non-recirculate mode. This helps to vent the super-hot air out of the car reasonably fast, and brings it down to at least a 'survivable' level until the A/C can really cool it down.
Once I can feel the A/C putting out decently cold air, I close up the windows and switch it to recirc mode. I've noticed that this process cools it down much faster than just starting with the A/C on recirc and driving off with the windows up the whole time.