But these are webpages not emails. How would you know who clicks on your webpage from that?
There are a bazillion different applications for this method. Typically, I might see something like this when I click on a link on a site's homepage. So I start here:
atikovisawesomesite.com
... and I click on "ANNOUNCEMENT: AWESOME NEW PRODUCT!!!" which leads to the awesomenewproduct.html page. The ensuing URL might read:
atikovisawesomesite.com/awesomenewproduct.html?ref=home_page
("ref" might be a short form for "referral") This would let whomever is in charge of their analytics know that at least that visitor landed on the awesomenewproduct.html page
from the home page. I might append these strings also to account for ads. Check these out:
atikovisawesomesite.com/awesomenewproduct.html?ref=bitog
atikovisawesomesite.com/awesomenewproduct.html?ref=google_ads
atikovisawesomesite.com/awesomenewproduct.html?ref=my_little_pony_forums
Whenever you click on a web site from Facebook you'll see:
atikovisawesomesite.com/awesomenewproduct.html?fbclid=[insanely long string]
I'll presume "fbclid" to be short for "Facebook Click ID". This is how they track how many clicks they generated for you (which informs the final tally when the bill comes due if you've paid for that exposure.)
You'll see "utm" characters in these things a lot as well. That stands for [something] Tracking Module and serves the same purposes.
EDIT: I want to be clear by re-stating: This is much more commonly used to track where, when and how traffic is generated as opposed to tracking YOU as a visitor. Web sites and applications are trying to figure out what works and what doesn't. If they're lucky and good, you'll sign up for an account and they'll then have all the information about you they need in order to begin collecting more. :^)