Intermittent faults are the worst, but at least you have an idea--it's likely heat related. Visual inspection should rule out cracked solder joint; however, a cracked copper trace, particularly at a plated thro-hole can occur. As can barrel cracking. But you'd hope that an automotive rated PCB would be unlikely to have that...
With that big inductor and capacitor I'm thinking it's bucking the 12V to run the pump--perhaps it's variable pressure? I'm wondering if as it gets hot that the capacitor ESR is going up and causing excessive ripple. I'd think it'd still work though, unless if the regulator senses a fault and faults out.
This comes up as an 8 bit MCU with CAN bus support.
Link.
This is the switch mode supply--and of course, it's not marked. Traces on D5 look too small to be part of the main current loop; not sure what it's for. D1 is the diode I bet. Not sure what Q2 is for; that can be the transistor for this, or perhaps it's just a pass transistor for something else (maybe passes power to something else). Its too far from the inductor in my opinion to be part of this circuit (but could be part of the fault all the same).
I'm guessing the upper damage here is from you opening it. But the lower damage around the mouse bites is concerning--it's how I'd break apart boards, but I'm not paid to properly depanelize.

Everyone does it, probably fine, but eh.
Lots of possible failure modes, and without knowing the devices, to find fault flags or what to look for on an oscilloscope, it's just guessing in the dark.
Whoever did this layout had zero cares about silkscreen clipping...