Oil Analyzers, Inc. list follows:
Total Base Number - A measure of the reserve capability of the oil to counteract (neutralize) acid formation from combustion by-products. Typically evaluated for gasoline & diesel engine oils. TBN values decrease over the service life of a lubricant as it neutralizes acidic by-products.
OXD - Causes viscosity increase, solids and acid formation, lacquer deposits and shortened equipment life.
NOX - Causes sludge build-up and varnish. Causes acid by-product formation leading to increased oxidation.
Fe - Iron cylinders, pistons, camshafts, crankshafts, gears, rocker arms, valve bridges, cam follower rollers, etc. Also cylinder heads and rust.
Cr - Piston ring face ("chrome"), shafts, rings, and chromate from cooling systems.
Pb - Babbit overlay and alloy matrix of connecting rod and crankshaft main bearings.
Cu - Slipper (wrist pin) bushings, cam follower roller bushings, rocker arm clevis bushings, connecting rod bushings, camshaft thrust washers, oil coolers, and radiators.
Sn - Piston plate coating, babbit overlay of connecting rod and crankshaft main bearings.
Ni - Valve stems, valve guides, ring inserts on pistons.
Ag - Bearing cages (low friction bearings), silver solder, turbocharger bearings & wrist pin bushings.
Si - Silicone gaskets and sealant, silicone anti-foam additives, silica from airborne sand or dust (dirt).
B - Coolant additive, lube oil additive.
Na - Coolant additive, lube oil additive. Sodium is not a wear metal. It is an indicator of contamination by either coolant leaks, or the environment (external contamination, road salt, etc.)
Mg - Lube oil alkaline (base) detergent used to neutralize acids formed by products of combustion in engine oils. Also found in aluminum alloys.
Ca - Lube oil alkaline (base) detergent used to neutralize acids formed by products of combustion in engine oils.
Ba - Detergent found in lube oil additives.
P - Lube oil anti-wear/extreme pressure/antioxidant additive.
Zn - Lube oil additive/extreme pressure/antioxidant additive.
Mo - Lube oil friction modifier additive, anti-wear coating on some piston rings.
Fuel - Improper adjustment of injection pump, injector, or fuel line leaks, excessive idling.
Viscosity - Increases caused by contamination, oxidation, nitration, additive depletion. Decreases caused by fuel dilution or shearing of viscosity modifiers.
Water - Coolant leak, condensation, outside source (contamination).
Soot Level - Relative amount of soot from combustion, leading to poor engine performance, poor fuel economy, increased wear & shortened oil life due to increase in viscosity, (oil thickening).
Solids - Usually soot or other combustion products with increased levels from high sulfur content fuels. Also generated from the processes of nitration and oxidation, or plugged filtration systems.
Glycol - Coolant leak from head, block or cooler.
20W 5.6 - 9.3
30W 9.3 - 12.5
40W 12.5 - 16.3
50W 16.3 - 21.9
60W 21.9 - 26.1
