What standards? There are none.
Each engine maker puts on the filter that meets their standards, but they keep the standards a secret.
Each oil filter maker reverse-engineers the OE oil filters and either lists one of their existing filters for that application or designs a new filter.
If you use the filter listed for that application, and the filter fails, the oil filter maker is liable for the cost of repairs. This is only because they listed that filter for your engine. Not because of any established standards or public testing.
There is no consideration that the filter might be poor, not cause catastrophic damage, but eventually contribute to an engine worn out before it's time.