Oddities in simple supply and demand

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Sometimes things don't work that way

Oil Price Rise Fails to Open Tap

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India has a seemingly insatiable appetite for cars, as shown in this traffic jam in a suburb of New Delhi, and the oil needed to run them, contributing to growing worldwide demand for petroleum.


A central reason that oil supplies are not rising much is that major producers outside the OPEC cartel, like Russia, Mexico and Norway, are showing troubling signs of sluggishness. Unlike OPEC, whose explicit goal is to regulate the supply of oil to keep prices up, these countries are the free traders of the oil market, with every incentive to produce flat-out at a time of high prices.

But for a variety of reasons, including sharply higher drilling costs and a rise of nationalistic policies that restrict foreign investment, these countries are failing to increase their output. They seem stuck at about 50 million barrels of oil a day, or 60 percent of the world’s oil supplies, with few prospects for growth.

“According to normal economic theory, and the history of oil, rising prices have two major effects,” said Fatih Birol, the chief economist at the International Energy Agency in Paris. “They reduce demand and they induce oil supplies. Not this time.”


NY Times - registration required to view
 
The normal supply and demand framework is based on the model of competitive firms and competitive consumers (i.e. neither has any pricing power. They take prices as given). So if by "normal economic theory" Birol means the standard competitive model, then he must not have moved on to Chapter 8 in his microeconomic textbook which talks about Oligopoly firms, Cartels, Dominant firms with competitive fringes, Oligopolies that face capacity constraints.

I should also mention that Birol's last comment is inaccurate. A price increase does not induce a "demand decrease." It decreases quantity demanded. Demand decreases means the whole demand curve shifts. A price increase implies a movement along the curve. Also, if firms are not competitive, then there are no supply curves. Supply curves imply firms take prices as given and respond to prices. An oligopoly does not respond to price. They jointly determine price along with other major players.
 
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The photograph seems to indicate a traffic jam due to rush hour combined with a detour route while main highway is under repair. They seem to be squeezing 8 lanes out of what we would get 3, maybe 4 lanes. Look at how tight they are packed. A motorcycle could not split lanes in that jam.
 
I'm both frustrated and relieved that I don't have much knowledge in such things, VeeDub.
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Now I'm acquainted with ..hmmm..something like milk. It has the oddity of "variable supply and non-elastic demand" that confounds the normal tenets of capitalism.

Could we term this: "Regulated/Restricted/Limited supply and infinite demand"? ..or is there some other pre-packaged term
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Hmmm. Note really a pre-packaged term that I am aware of. Perhaps strategic pricing policy? It falls more broadly under game theory I guess which is the study of strategic interactions. Game theory is generally used to study international trade policy, the behavior of corporate or large firms that wield political or pricing power, and political economy. It is gradually replacing the standard supply and demand model which is rather unrealistic and assumes all firms are minions to a larger system that determines prices. Of course, in the modern corporate world, this is simply not true.
 
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Perhaps strategic pricing policy?


This is sorta how I viewed most of the international mergers and acquisitions. It, more or less, funneled revenue into fewer pockets no matter where they were spent. Stated otherwise, and perhaps more accurately, you participated in all markets. One may be advantaged over the other ..so I sorta looked at a seemingly senseless purchase ..for example a German ship builder buying an all but defunct US shipyard ..as some "balancing of the books" to redistribute the revenue on some tertiary level.
 
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a rise of nationalistic policies that restrict foreign investment

And what Pablo raised means that any "simple" supply and demand model goes out the window.
 
Originally Posted By: Pablo
Imagine that, an entire article and NY Times didn't mention oil drilling was blocked for environmental reasons.........
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Must have had something to do with Global warming.

Why don't they just build some giant air conditioners and cool the earth down? they could use Freon.
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