The tanker was based upon the -80 that flew prior to the commercial 707.I do find it odd that Boeing didn’t work it to use the 707 as the basis so that they only had to construct one fuselage diameter vs two. Perhaps the military order came in before the airlines asked for changes for airliner use. I could see that the extra weight of the 707 might have detracted from fuel capacity, but could have been a shortened 707.
Boeing's original thinking was to use that aircraft as the basis of their civil jetliner, but Douglas threw a wrench in those plans with its proposed DC-8.
Douglas had yet to have a flying example and had not even begun cutting metal, so they could easily offer a wider fuselage that would accommodate six abreast seating and the airlines liked the idea, so Boeing had no choice but to match it, resulting in a 707 that differed greatly from the 717 that was the tanker.