That heavier oil myth for better protection has zero evidence backing the claim. Talking about heavier than the engine manufacturer requires slash recommends. It's all typical American thinking of bigger is better so a heavier oil gives superior protection. Someone show us an engine that has failed and another engine lived due to heavier oil use. Firing up the popcorn maker now.
slomo
Just to break this down a bit further:
Heavier oil does give superior protection, if it didn't, GM wouldn't recommend Mobil 1 15w-50 for track use in the Corvette and Camaro, Ford wouldn't have called for 5w-50 in the GT500, GT350, Ford GT or the Track Pack version of the Mustang GT.
However
Engine oil recommendations are based on intended operating conditions and where the requirement exists for added protection, the recommendation or requirement will typically be revised to reflect that. Ergo, the Camaro specs 5w-30
unless you are tracking it, then the recommendation changes. Ford did the 'ol broad-brush on the Track Pack when it was current, despite being mechanically identical to its 5w-20 speccing GT brother, in calling for 5w-50.
Other manufacturers, BMW comes to mind, have attempted to bandaide design issues by going to a heavier lubricant, like the E46 M3, which was re-spec'd for 10w-60 due to rod bearing failures.
Daily driving conditions, with a generous margin, are what the testing and manual verbiage are based on. The testing and operating environments are designed to replicate "typical" and thus, using what the OEM recommends in these conditions, is safe.
That said, if you buy a non-performance car and start hot-lapping it at Sebring and do manage to push the car beyond what the OEM has tested for, the potential for damage or failure is real. A heavier lubricant than spec'd, in these conditions, would be beneficial, just like it is for those with dual recommendations like noted above. But this does not mean that the benefit extends to operating that vehicle under more typical conditions, in which case you are simply impacting efficiency with no real gain.