Simply changing the fuel filter won't help you on the P0420 code. I will take a few drive cycles for it to set again, but it'll be back.
If your check engine light was flashing, there was quite likely a misfire occurring. Does the engine need tuned up? Is the ignition coil pack functioning properly? (Common failure on this engine) are plug wire arcing to ground or each other? Using a simple spark tester may yield the answer.
If you have the money to spare, invest in a scan tool with live data. It will make helping you easier. However, if you're not too good turning wrenches or don't own much in the way of tools, then maybe it is a wiser idea to bring it to a mechanic with a good reputation and have them fix it.