First they will ask for your oil change records and any other maintenance records you might have. They will also most likely send a sample for analisis.
I've been involved with these claims with Toyota, Ford, and Nissan. The three Toyota Land Cruisers got oil analisis and a full review of the maintenance records, which included a file about an inch and a half thick for each, documenting the Oil changes, brand, visc, air and oil filters, all fuel consumed, all oil added between changes, etc. Toyota repaired the engines after a big fight, partly because all this documentation and the oil analisis showed the client to be right, also because the client purchased dozens of Toyotas every year and was worth saving.
The Nissans with problems ranged across 4 different customers of theirs, with the only common element being the oil used, but it was the oil used by the dealer. Oil analisis showed it did not meet the specs on on the spec sheet. The replaced the engines and changed oil brands. The oil in the Fords came back well within spec, and after much analisis it was determined that the bearings should have had securing pins, canals, or something to keep them from spinning. (1.4 liter Ztec engine). Their response was that the engine was designed that way, so it was not a manufacturing fault, Each customer ended up paying the reparation (with a modification at a local machine shop so they would stay in place.