MolaKule
Staff member
Originally Posted by Wolf359
There's lots of [conjectuire] that says the universe is about 13.8 billion years old. The red shift tells you how far objects are. We have the Hubble telescope. It looked at one section of empty sky and found many galaxies there. It's called the ultra deep field Hubble. They extrapolated from that section and basically said that there's probably 2 trillion galaxies out there in the observable universe. So distance wise, you end up with about 46 billion light years. The reason the distance is greater than the existence of the universe is due to dark energy which causes the expansion of space. There's different measurements of that too, but basically space expands between 67-73 kilometers/second per megaparsec and a megaparsec is about 3.26 light years. So that's why you have space being bigger than the age of the universe.
The whole premise of the Hubble constant and cosmological redshift in standard cosmology is based upon distance/redshift assumptions (and that is granting the validity of the distance/redshift assumptions). If you do not know the one-way speed of light none of those assumptions are valid.
The light from a star or galaxy is one-way light, a one way trip of light. We do not know the history of photon as it travels through space and it can be affected by a number of things.
Shao gives a summary of the cosmological redshift and some problems associated with its interpretation:
Quote
The relationship of cosmological redshift (CR) to the distance traveled by the light was discovered more than 80 years ago by Hubble.1 The Doppler effect was accepted to interpret the CR after it had been employed to study the movement of double stars, that of the Sun in our galaxy, and the rotation of our galaxy. In the three cases there are blueshift and redshift together, and the magnitude of the shifts is independent of the distance to the source. But, contrarily, in the case of CR there is only redshift but no blueshift, and the magnitude of the redshift of CR is proportional to the distance (see Ref. 2). Reber2 noted that "Clearly the interpretation of these spectral shifts as representing relative motion was dubious." More than that, the Doppler effect cannot explain some phenomena. The first is the "limb effect," i.e., the variation of redshift from the centre to the limb of the solar disc discovered more than a century ago (see Ref. 3). The second is the signal redshift of Pioneer 6. When Pioneer 6 on its orbit at the other side of the Sun approaching the limb of solar disc in November 1968, the signal from it to the observer on the Earth gave an additional frequency shift or redshifted. The third important phenomenon that cannot be explained by the Doppler effect is the large redshift of quasars…
Here are a sample of my assignments in this course and an exercise for you (or anyone else):
2) The spiral galaxy NGC1365 http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?...amp;omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1
has an object SSW of it with a redshift of z = 0.308. It is believed to be an ejected Quasar from NGC1365. Determine the Hubble distance DH of this object using the current hubble constant, H0 = 74.2 km.s-1.Mpc-1. (See Appendix III).
3) The spiral galaxy NGC1365 in 2) has a redshift of z = 0.005. Determine the Hubble distance DH of this object using H0 [16] = 74.2 km.s-1.Mpc-1. (See Appendix III).
4) Compare the Hubble distances and redshifts from the results of questions 2 and 3 and formulate an hypothesis as to why those differences exist.
When we understand the physics of Einstein we see some problems with the standard cosmological model. In this model time and distance claims have not specified the reference frame, they have assumed the Einstein Synchrony Convention (ESC), and have ignored time dilation.
You cannot compute real distances ( d = v/t) from earth to a star or that of distances between Galaxies unless you know the exact one-way velocity of light.
There's lots of [conjectuire] that says the universe is about 13.8 billion years old. The red shift tells you how far objects are. We have the Hubble telescope. It looked at one section of empty sky and found many galaxies there. It's called the ultra deep field Hubble. They extrapolated from that section and basically said that there's probably 2 trillion galaxies out there in the observable universe. So distance wise, you end up with about 46 billion light years. The reason the distance is greater than the existence of the universe is due to dark energy which causes the expansion of space. There's different measurements of that too, but basically space expands between 67-73 kilometers/second per megaparsec and a megaparsec is about 3.26 light years. So that's why you have space being bigger than the age of the universe.
The whole premise of the Hubble constant and cosmological redshift in standard cosmology is based upon distance/redshift assumptions (and that is granting the validity of the distance/redshift assumptions). If you do not know the one-way speed of light none of those assumptions are valid.
The light from a star or galaxy is one-way light, a one way trip of light. We do not know the history of photon as it travels through space and it can be affected by a number of things.
Shao gives a summary of the cosmological redshift and some problems associated with its interpretation:
Quote
The relationship of cosmological redshift (CR) to the distance traveled by the light was discovered more than 80 years ago by Hubble.1 The Doppler effect was accepted to interpret the CR after it had been employed to study the movement of double stars, that of the Sun in our galaxy, and the rotation of our galaxy. In the three cases there are blueshift and redshift together, and the magnitude of the shifts is independent of the distance to the source. But, contrarily, in the case of CR there is only redshift but no blueshift, and the magnitude of the redshift of CR is proportional to the distance (see Ref. 2). Reber2 noted that "Clearly the interpretation of these spectral shifts as representing relative motion was dubious." More than that, the Doppler effect cannot explain some phenomena. The first is the "limb effect," i.e., the variation of redshift from the centre to the limb of the solar disc discovered more than a century ago (see Ref. 3). The second is the signal redshift of Pioneer 6. When Pioneer 6 on its orbit at the other side of the Sun approaching the limb of solar disc in November 1968, the signal from it to the observer on the Earth gave an additional frequency shift or redshifted. The third important phenomenon that cannot be explained by the Doppler effect is the large redshift of quasars…
Here are a sample of my assignments in this course and an exercise for you (or anyone else):
2) The spiral galaxy NGC1365 http://ned.ipac.caltech.edu/byname?...amp;omegav=0.692&wmap=4&corr_z=1
has an object SSW of it with a redshift of z = 0.308. It is believed to be an ejected Quasar from NGC1365. Determine the Hubble distance DH of this object using the current hubble constant, H0 = 74.2 km.s-1.Mpc-1. (See Appendix III).
3) The spiral galaxy NGC1365 in 2) has a redshift of z = 0.005. Determine the Hubble distance DH of this object using H0 [16] = 74.2 km.s-1.Mpc-1. (See Appendix III).
4) Compare the Hubble distances and redshifts from the results of questions 2 and 3 and formulate an hypothesis as to why those differences exist.
When we understand the physics of Einstein we see some problems with the standard cosmological model. In this model time and distance claims have not specified the reference frame, they have assumed the Einstein Synchrony Convention (ESC), and have ignored time dilation.
You cannot compute real distances ( d = v/t) from earth to a star or that of distances between Galaxies unless you know the exact one-way velocity of light.
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