Yes, it can, all depends on how "concentrate" you use and how frequent you use.
Most gasoline esp. Top Tier ones already came with sufficient fuel additives to keep all the injectors and ports clean even with 87 octane pump fuel, and as a result I have cut down my use of OTC fuel injector cleaners to about once every 2~3yrs. We know are car's emission conditions simply because all our cars registered/operated here have to go through a mandated annual/2-year emissions testings on dyno, and for that I know how well our fuel brands/fuel injectors and emissions control components are as far as health's concerned.
I would strongly against frequent use of OTC FI for if you look at UOA you can see that it will raise the lead/copper and many other metal's reading considerably. To me that is a sign of causing damage to certain internal engine components. Besides: my analogy goes like this: if you have elevated blood glucose level problem, then why spike it every now and then with a can of regular classic coke? Similarly, with enough additives to keep your ports, intake valves and injectors clean already, why spike your gas with additional FI cleaner?
Q.