AWD / 4WD vs Tires

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Initially for a thread that got locked, but the articles seemed good so I start a new one. AWD / 4WD will probably get closer scrutiny next season as it does cost some mileage. A reasonable tradeoff for some might be dedicated winter tires vs AWD all year.

http://www.canadiandriver.com/articles/pw/traction2006.htm

Traction 2006: Giant winter traction test

We brought together 15 current model vehicles and an equal number of drivers, and ran them through two 1.2-kilometre tracks, a slalom course, and an attached emergency braking area. Our speeds for these exercises were maximum 40 km/h for the slalom and braking, and maximum 60 km/h for the tracks.

Our vehicles were fitted with original equipment all-season tires or in some cases, winter tires. Two of the vehicles arrived with both, and we were able to change the tires from all-seasons to winter tires mid-day, and compare the results.

Conclusions

It's the tires, stupid! Well, something like that. Of all the tests and exercises we conducted during Traction 2006, vehicles with winter tires stopped one-to-two car lengths before vehicles with all-season tires, and they provided better grip in the corners.



http://www.subdriven.com/news/publish/Features/article_239.shtml

With all these reasons to switch to Green Diamonds for winter driving, one thing had yet to be determined, whether or not any of these improvements could be attributed to the tiny carbide granules embedded in the tread.

The one place where this question could be answered was on solid ice. So I went where I could be guaranteed a true ice driving test. Lake Sinissippi, in Hustisford, Wisconsin, for the Wisconsin Autosport Group’s Ice Trials II. A timed rally cross held in the middle of a frozen lake. I had the opportunity to see every level of tire on the 50+ cars that came out to the lake to race. From WRX’s running the Stock RE92’s to full rally prepped Mitsubishi Eclipse with Ice Studs. Watching the cars run with ice studs was amazing. They looked like they were running on gravel. They had unbelievable amounts of traction. I had no aspirations of this much control. However, I found that I had enough traction to launch and accelerate without too much spinning of the tires. Turning on this clean ice was challenging at any substantial speed, but at lower speeds I was able to control the car with reasonable confidence. Drivers running normal snow tread tires reported more control trouble that those who were running Green Diamond’s didn’t experience. Those who were running all-season tires had to drive painfully slow in order not to spin off the course. In the end, there was a noticeable advantage to the Green Diamonds vs. normal snow tires. While no substitute for fully studded tires, you can legally drive on Green Diamonds in areas where studded or chained tires are not allowed.
 
I'm liking the idea of using Green Diamond's light truck tire on the SX4 iAWD, when that time comes to replace the all-season OE Bridgestone Turanza's. I'm hoping that Expert Tire, Big-O, or Les Schwab, etc., will be offering them sometime soon in our area.

If not for the expensive TPMS sensors, and my inability to tolerate an "idiot" light on the dash (OCD), I would just go with a dedicated rim and tire setup for winter/summer.

The Green Diamond all-seasons, seem to be a decent alternative.
 
Studless vs studded is primarily a tire issue, but below are a couple of articles. Where studs have been banned it was found that non-studded tires were actually polishing the road, resulting in increased accident rates and up to 10x increased road maintenance costs. Consider the use of salt in the midwest and east as one example.

http://members.shaw.ca/trafficsource/tip/tip_studded_tires.htm


http://www.engr.uaa.alaska.edu/research/upload/StuddedTiresInAlaska.pdf

Finland and Japan found that prohibiting studs produces a net increase in total costs. Pavement repair costs are greatly reduced, but costs of accidents plus the increased requirement of surface applications to improve surface traction (e.g. sand, salt) result in an overall increased financial burden at the state level.
 
All I know about Green Diamond tires is that they're made about 20 miles away from my parent's house in upstate New York.

You mean that New York actually produces something that's used and competitive in the marketplace?!? Golly, I wouldn't have thought it possible!
 
AWD is not a substitute for tires it is pretty obvious. What's there to discuss? AWD is great in itself and I would get it as a nice addition to winter tires but not as a substitute.

As for studs with recent innovatons in tire technology there are some un studded winter tires that outperform studded tires. Besides studs are illegal in some states. I dunno about these Green Diamond tires, I haven't heard anything great yet, but so far sipping and compaund is the key to a great friction winter tire. That second article seem to be biased and was probably more of the advertisement. Perhaps they didn't have any good friction tires there so Green Diamond seemed superior. I never heard anything good about their tires as of yet, maybe that's because they are not that great. Otherwise I'm sure people would have generated some buzz.
 
The link below is a good sized test, and the conclusions ate pretty obvious..... well, ok, maybe it's not. See the next link for some translations :^)


http://wwwc.aftonbladet.se/bil/0310/18/dacktest.pdf

Hakkapeliitta 4
Pris: 1 300 kr.
Hastighetskod: T.
Poäng: 8,8.
Det nya Hakka-däcket
har en stabil stomme,
utmärkt mönster för
alla underlag och den
nya unika fyrkantiga
dubben ger överlägset
bett på is. På
vinterväg är däcket
tryggt. Det är dessutom
utmärkt i slask
och stabilt på asfalt.
▲Nytänkande och
bäst på alla vinterväglag.



http://legacygt.com/forums/printthread.php?t=3043

Subaru Legacy Forums

Complete Winter Tire Test Review

:clap: Nice guy as I am, I translated the latest, yearly mega-comparision of winter tires from Swedish into English. I take it you don't get all that many good reviews over in USA and Canada. You can see some graphs in the review that compare the tires, braking distance, time around a track, driving in circle, all sorts of surfaces. Blue is studded, and red is studless. You better be able to read Swedish for that though.

http://www.aftonbladet.se/bil/0310/18/dacktest.pdf



Nokian "Hakkapeliitta 4" (studded)
5/5 Stars

The new Hakka-tire has a stable foundation, excellent thread pattern for all surfaces, and the new unique, squared studs give a superior bite on ice. On the winter road the tire is secure. It is also excellent in slush and stable on pavement.

+ Innovative and best on all winter roads.
- Nothing


Bridgestone "Blizzak WS-50" (non-studded)
Disqualified

Dangerous! Blizzak is so dangerous on pavement that it is disqualified from the test. The skids during an avoidance manuever are so difficult to stop that it is an outright traffic danger. Blizzak has been one of the big sellers for many years. The winter-abilities (snow, ice and slush) are mediocre at best.

+ Grip on Snow and Ice (for a studless tire)
- Pavement




http://home.cogeco.ca/~bman/perform.html
 
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