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  1. MolaKule

    MolaKule Q&A on Aircraft Structures VII Engines

    The turbofan was a developmental outgrowth of the turbojet engine. Most modern commercial aircraft are powered by two- to three-spool axial-flow turbofan engines with "High-bypass" ratios. Q1: What is meant by the by-pass ratio? Q2: What advantages do a large bypass ratio (> 2:1) turbofan...
  2. MolaKule

    MolaKule Q&A on Aircraft Structures VI WIngs

    Before we discuss wing box construction we know wings can be attached to the bottom fuselage, mid-fuselage, and at the top of the fuselage. Wings also can possess "hedrals." Name an aircraft that has an Anhedral wing and name an aircraft that has a Dihedral wing. For reference...
  3. MolaKule

    Why Boeing Can't Stretch the 737 Max any Longer

    Simple Flying: Why Boeing Can't Stretch the 737 Max any Longer Simply Flying online magazine has a number of articles, including the article above, that are easy to read and contain a lot of historical and background information.
  4. MolaKule

    MolaKule Q&A on Aircraft Structures V

    Floor panels support seat tracks on commercial aircraft which support passenger seats. Question 1: Why have seat tracks? Question 2: How much G force is a seatrack designed to withstand?
  5. MolaKule

    MolaKule Q&A on Aircraft Structures IV

    What is an Empennage structure, and what does it support? An Empennage structure is also called a tail or tail assembly.
  6. MolaKule

    MolaKule Q&A on Aircraft Structures III

    On most commercial aircraft, the engine is external and attached to the wing or fuselage. What is the name of the structure that attaches the engine to the wing or fuselage?
  7. MolaKule

    Q&A on Aircraft Structures II

    What is a Frame and what is its function in a fuselage barrel? See Cujets picture below of a fuselage structure.
  8. MolaKule

    Q&A on Aircraft Structures I

    We're going to try a Q&A on aircraft structures that comprise various parts of an aircraft since Aviation and aircraft in general is a popular topic. Our first question is, "What is a Stringer (also called a longeron), and what is its function for an aircraft fuselage barrel? Some of the...
  9. MolaKule

    TTBW may Accumulate too much ice.

    "...The plane was supposed to have its first flight in 2028, but it's unclear if that is still in the cards. That's because Boeing, after looking at the data gathered during these past two years, decided the TTBW approach might not be a good idea after all. It's unclear what prompted the...
  10. MolaKule

    Reactor in NW Pacific region to shut down for refueling

    "...Outages are scheduled to coincide with peak spring runoff from snowmelt when hydroelectric dams in Washington and Oregon are at peak electricity production, minimizing the impact of taking the nuclear reactor offline..." Read more at...
  11. MolaKule

    Favorite Aviation Movies-No Highway in the Sky

    If you are a fan of Jimmy Stewart, this is one interesting movie, IMHO, made in 1951, when there were real story lines weaved into the movie. He plays an engineer whose fatigue/failure theory is finally proven. https://www.tcm.com/tcmdb/title/85095/no-highway-in-the-sky#overview
  12. MolaKule

    Runway Incursion System to Be Installed

    "The Federal Aviation Administration has announced that as part of the February 2023 Safety Call to Action to improve runway safety in the United States, it will install a runway incursion device at 74 airports nationwide. On March 19, the FAA disclosed that it would be rolling out a...
  13. MolaKule

    Inflight Dual IRU Failure on Boeing 787

    Apparently, in January of this year, there were dual Inertial Reference Unit (IRU) failures on a Boeing 787 (UA613) that disconnected the autopilot, and for 12 minutes a series of flight "excursions" occurred...
  14. MolaKule

    Space Medicine and the Return to Earth

    Williams and Wilmore return to Earth and the effects of reaclimation. About a 10-minute read but interesting. https://www.salon.com/2025/03/15/nasa-astronauts-to-return-home-after-major-delay-heres-what-that-time-in-space-does-to-the-body/
  15. MolaKule

    Various TCAS Alerts at DCA recently

    Aircraft are equipped with TCAS (Traffic Collision Avoidance System), which is supposed to help pilots avoid midair collisions. These alerts come in the form of either TAs (Traffic Advisories), which alert pilots of other planes nearby, or RAs (Resolution Advisories), which give specific...
  16. MolaKule

    ATC traing, ETC.

    "What does it take to become an Air Traffic Controller (ATC)? Individuals must meet the following minimum qualifications in order to be eligible for an Air Traffic Controller position: Be a United States citizen Be under the age of 31 Pass a medical examination Pass a security investigation...
  17. MolaKule

    Small Modular Nuclear Reactors

    More info Nuclear Reactors https://nuclear-energy.net/nuclear-power-plants/nuclear-reactor/types/small-modular-reactors-smr https://small-modular-reactors.org/ https://westinghousenuclear.com/energy-systems/ap300-smr
  18. MolaKule

    EV-Fluids

    Some have asked what base oils go into ev Fluids for formulation of EV transmission and e-axle lubricants. Here are a few of the properties of a new ester base oil that is blended into these fluids: Viscosity - 2.0 cSt@100C, 6.1 cSt@40C VI - 136 Breakdown Voltage - 86,000 Volts Pour Point -...
  19. MolaKule

    Really Ignorant Science Clickbait...

    As seen on various venues, here is an example of a really ignorant, very short article; don't fall for this nonsense. It doesn't fully explain the nuances of what a "multiverse" really is and the author apparently doesn't understand the concept as well. It has a number of logical fallacies...
  20. MolaKule

    Nextra to Restart Dwayne Arnold Nuclear Plant in Palo Iowa

    @OVERKILL "NextEra Energy said Friday it's taken the first steps to recommission Iowa's only nuclear energy plant, with operations possibly restarting by late 2028. NextEra CEO John Ketchum in an earnings call Friday morning called recommissioning the 600-megawatt Duane Arnold nuclear plant...
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