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Yes there were 2 Wix XP's tested by Ascent. 1 failed the bubble test at the bypass valve and the 2nd couldn't reach 99% efficiency even at 50 microns. And years before that, it was tested by a competitor(?) and was discovered to have a leaky bypass valve.

I must have been ignoring you ;) I think it was when you said "positive displacement" about the vacuum pump.

I agree which is why I recommend the oil test. But the other thing is, we're unlikely to find out how a non leaker performs because they don't make them anymore.

Based on the inHg gauge lines, just before you posted this, I calculated that the difference between the highest and lowest in each batch is 0.1psi. Your spread of 1kpa puts it at 0.145 psi. When Ascent tested the Royal Purple (supposedly the same as the FE), unused it had a pressure...

Ah yes, the Champ made Frams have a different date code format. I can't tell from the close ups - which filter is more restrictive overall? FE or XG?

The last digit on the Fram date code is the shift. First one is the plant code which is probably A on all of them.

Time for the oil test! I think that a consistently measured amount of oil with a timer for how long it takes to disappear could then be mathematically converted into how much the gap would leak at operating temperature and pressure.

You are right! What I saw was a reflection off the metal crimp.

Second picture, near bottom of cartridge. Looks like a tear.

Yes I read the post. There also seems to be a defect in the Ultra if you look at the picture.

Looks like the Ultra has a defect in it too.

I meant to ask you if it is possible to put some sort of scale into the images. Had no idea what size they were.

Yes there is variability but directionally, the 99% at 20 micron filters have double digit particle counts, the 99% at 25 / 30 microns are triple digit. The rock catchers are 4 digit. Leakers show particles above 38 microns. Wix and Napa Gold seem to have a quality problem. Have read Napa store...

Remember folks, it's the stuff sized 5 to 20 microns that damages your engine. The stuff you can see is harmless. :D

I think that the Boss result is some sort of non test error. Sample got mixed up or lab made a sample or transcription error. They should have followed up on that themselves. Many of their other results are actually directionally correct. But because of how they tested differently, you have to...

All same size? Which one?

Maybe I've missed something but looking at your picture in your first post, how is what you are measuring a "differential"? A pressure differential requires a reading before and after the thing you are testing. So you would have to take a pressure reading at the inlet holes as well as the...

Followed by a boroscope inspection.

No but those extended life medias are more than double and I understand higher cost to get both the life and 99%+ filtration at 20 microns. PG is operating in the Supertech, Fram Extra Guard, ACDelco kind of territory.

Very simplistic visual based on approx 10% bypass: