Max ice coverage for the Great Lakes at any moment this winter was under 22%. I think average is around 55-60% but I can't remember off the top of my head.
And a reason the walleye are exploding is because of the goby fish...an invasive species that walleye happen to love to feast on!
However, and I don't know if the goby is the reason why, but yellow perch numbers are way down. Similar size as the goby losing the food competition? Don't know...
Correct. If the lake freezes over, the continuous feed of moisture into the lower atmosphere during lake effect conditions gets effectively shut off, and no more lake effect.
They're called the Inland Seas for a reason... Superior took the 728ft long freighter the Edmund Fitzgerald, and despite averaging only 60-80ft in the central and eastern basins of Lake Erie (east of the islands), high end gale force winds can generate waves of 15-20ft in the open waters if...
There are ensembles as well to those operational forecast models. And of course this doesn't get into the probabilistic forecasting elements that have gained traction.
Depends on the source. Sometimes a TV met might be pushed by production to embellish, but that's not necessarily always the case. If multiple stations are forecasting 6-8 inches of snow and one is forecasting 1012 inches, which one might get a ratings bump from the forecast?
It's a good series.
Another good one if you're interested is from the History Channel (I don't know if it's streamed anywhere) from around 2011...the Hatfields and McCoys. Also a 3 part series with Costner and the late Bill Paxton playing the respective roles.
The west coast is very challenging to forecast.
Forecast models that are referenced often need actual weather conditions...surface, upper air...in multiple parameters such as temp, pressure, moisture content etc...to "start" the equations of the forecast model in order to get output. Where do...
The specifics at 10 days can obviously be low confidence. However, forecast *trends* 10-14 days usually are pretty good and can at least give a window of insight into what might be coming from a longwave pattern sense.
The relatively warm water of the ocean plays havoc with the fragile rain/snow line in nor'easters with regards to how it keeps an airmass modified enough to favor rain over snow. And in the super populated east coastal areas, the difference of 50 miles can have major impacts. There's a lot of...
Snow forecasting comes from a combination of expected liquid equivalent amounts of precipitation, temperatures in the atmospheric column and surface (snow ratios), water content in the column, and ice crystal growth potential within the cloud. There's a lot that goes into it.
And by the way, slightly off-topic, the NHL is ridiculous for allowing for loaded expansion teams like Vegas and Seattle right off the bat. I don't think they need to be basement dwellers for 10 years, but instant playoffs is not right either.