If your filter has an anti drain component and it is no longer functioning, and is of large enough capacity, you might get an unfamiliar engine noise upon initial start up in the
am. Other then that, I don't see how you could know. If you are concerned, then you might want to install a two...
Use an infrared temperature gauge, aim it at your oil pan, then aim it at oil filter. The temperature in the filter should be as high if not higher then the oil in the pan. If its cooler then not much flow and getting plugged